The history of the Cal Salmon River is deeply intertwined with the indigenous peoples of Northern California, who have inhabited the region for thousands of years. Native American tribes, such as the Karuk and Yurok, have long regarded the river as a vital resource, relying on its waters for sustenance and spiritual significance. The river served as a critical transportation route and a source of abundant fish, particularly salmon, which played a central role in the cultural and economic practices of these communities. With the arrival of European settlers, the dynamics of land use along the Cal Salmon River shifted, impacting both the ecosystem and the indigenous way of life. Today, the river remains an important area for cultural preservation, as well as a testament to the complex interplay between human history and the natural environment.

In terms of wildlife, the Cal Salmon River is a thriving ecosystem that supports a diverse array of species. Salmon and steelhead trout are iconic inhabitants, making arduous journeys upriver to spawn in the same waters that have sustained their ancestors for generations. The river and its surrounding areas provide critical habitat for a variety of bird species, including bald eagles and ospreys, which can be spotted soaring above the water. The lush riparian zones and dense forests along the riverbanks are home to an abundance of terrestrial wildlife, such as black bears, deer, and various small mammals. The Cal Salmon River, with its rich ecological tapestry, stands as a sanctuary for diverse flora and fauna, contributing to the broader biodiversity of Northern California.